The Koya Tribe – Andhra Pradesh
The Koyas, thickly populated in the Chinthur Mandal, of the Bhadrachalam agency in
Andhra Pradesh, are migrants from the Bastar region in northern India, who live on
both the sides of the Godavari river. Physically they are classified as Australoid and
they call themselves “Koithur”. They are one of the few multi-lingual and multi-
racial tribes in India. Their population in Andhra Pradesh counts up to 106,000 and
almost 795,000 spread out in other states of India like Telangana and Odisha.
Koyas also live in Chhattisgarh as a mixed tribe with Gond tribe, which had a considerable
influence on their language, Koyi, which is closely related to both Gondi and Telugu,
which is their primary language. They believed life to be originated from water,
according to their mythology. All Koya belong to one of five sub-divisions called
gotrams. Every Koya is born into a clan, and he cannot leave it.
The Koyas are farmers by occupation, who depend on rain for irrigation, with slash
and burn cultivation techniques being their traditional mode of agriculture. However,
the government has now restricted their movement and has encouraged them to
farm on fixed plots. They showed the Koya how to farm coconut and coffee. They
also granted the Koya permanent ownership rights to their land if they would grow
rice there.
Their staple diet is sorghum and they survive on palm juice for over 4
months, and consider the palm tree as a gift of nature and to secure this gift they
worship the village Goddess “Muthyalamma” and consume mohuva liquor to get
relief from the physical hardship of the day and to withstand extreme variations in
the climate. They are also expert hunters, owing to their need for food and safety
from the wild animals. In their culture, Cattle are symbols of wealth.
Most of their festivals are related to agricultural operations, and they worship the
Earth-Goddess “Bhudevi” and enlist the co-operation of the Goddess by offering
animal sacrifices during the festival. They believe that sowing seeds that are soaked
in sacrificial blood bring them good crops. Birth, marriage and death are the three
important aspects of life and each event is celebrated on a grand scale in Koya
society. The Bison-horn dance is a special feature on the occasion of a marriage
ceremony among the Koyas. And they do not believe in heaven, hell, or
reincarnation.
Tatting- The divine craft of loops
There are various recreational activities and hobbies people follow. But, I’m sure there are really a handful of recreational activities that helps some people to earn a living, treats certain kind of illness or disorder and helps make things look more extravagant at the same time. Tatting is one of them.
Tatting basically is the technique of handcrafting a particularly durable lace from a series of knots and loops. Tatting involved and started from sailors and fishermen who netted decorative ropework in order to gift it to their girlfriends and wives. As it goes, decorative ropeworks on boats and ships closely resemble this technique as it is seen today. In German, tatting is usually known by the Italian-derived word Occhi or as Schiffchenarbeit, which means “work of the little boat”, referring to the boat-shaped shuttle; in Italian, tatting is called chiacchierino, which means “chatty”. This technique is used to make doilies, collars and accessories such as earrings and necklaces, and other decorative pieces. The lace is formed by a pattern of rings and chained from a series of interrelated to each other over a core thread.
Tatting with a shuttle is the earliest method of creating tatted lace. Now, there are more ways of tatting. These include Shuttle tatting (the usual method with a boat-shaped shuttle), Needle tatting (usage of doll needle or tatting needle in the place of the usual shuttle) and Cro-tatting (a combination of crochet and tatting using a tatting needle which has a crochet hook at the end).
Various kinds of materials are used in tatting and have varied from decade to decade. Like in the 1900s, fine white or ivory threads were used to intricate these designs. These were used in the older designs. In 1920s, tatting saw evolutions and new techniques and newer designs started to get produced. A hard thread was used so that it didn’t untwist readily. The Cordonnet thread is the common tatting thread. Last but not the least, tatting has been used as occupational therapy to keep convalescent patients’ hands and minds active during their recovery.
Many people confuse tatting and crochet to be the same but, there are many differences. The basic difference is in the tools used. Tatting uses shuttle and crochet means is the French word for ‘hooks’. In crochet making, people use delicate steel hooks. Secondly, tatting is a long and complicated process. It involves precision and attention because a little mistake could spoil the entire crafted material. Whereas in the case of crochet, its fast and offers more designs. The main reason why crochet is chosen over tatting is the speed and versatility it offers. The secret to the speed lies in the hook after all.
Now that you have a brief idea over it, you might try this out. You would love it and more evidently, you can decorate your house with it.